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PLAN6.CHP
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1992-11-06
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#EF
#T15,4,ANNUITIES & PERPETUITIES
#C5,R5
~W~IANNUITIES~N
An annuity is a form of investment in which a sum of money is deposited
with a bank, life insurance company, or other financial institution at
a fixed rate of interest; and the money, together with its earnings, is
later returned to you in a series of equal installments.
#D5
#BN,9,12,70,17,1,0,0,4,11,1
A mortgage (or an automobile loan) is like an annuity
in which the lender gives YOU the money, and you agree
to repay it, with interest, in a series of equal install-
ments.
#D5
#C5
Purchasing an annuity is one way to provide funds for a specific future
need...for example, a child's future college expenses, or a regular in-
come in your retirement years.
#D3
#C37,R21
Sometimes, too, annuities can be used to
#C5
postpone income taxes on investment earnings until the annuity payments
are received...thus reducing the taxes eventually paid on those earnings.
#W
%
#EW
#C3,R5
When you purchase an annuity, you can specify any or all of the following:
#D1
~Y■~C~I~b~K the amount you wish to deposit (invest) in the annuity,~N~k
#D1
~Y■~C~I~b~K the number of years until the first installment is paid to you,~N~k
#D1
~Y■~C~I~b~K the number of installments to be paid each year,~N~k
#D1
~Y■~C~I~b~K the number of years payments are to continue.~N~k
#D3
The seller of the annuity will tell you what each installment will be, and
may also tell you the equivalent earnings percent.
#D3
You should note that all installments will be in the same amount, and will
be paid in today's dollars. However, because the installments will be paid
at some future time, those dollars will most likely be worth less than they
are worth today.
#D5
~C~IThus, when considering the purchase of an annuity to meet some future need,
you should either estimate the payments needed in terms of future dollars,
or, in some way, otherwise account for the probable decrease in the future
value of the fixed payments in the future.~N
#WP
%
#EW
#C3,R5
The Annuity program provided in THE FINANCIAL PLANNER calculates annuities
in three ways:
#D1
~z1~N~C~I~K Assuming NO current taxes and NO inflation - (common simplified method)~N~k
#D1
~z2~N~C~I~K Including the effect of currently paid income taxes.~N~k
#D1
~z3~N~C~I~K Including the effects of both current income taxes and future inflation.~N~k
#D1
The last method is particularly useful when calculating annuities for which
payments start quite some time in the future-- for example, at retirement.
It provides for PAYMENTS OF EQUAL PURCHASING POWER, that is, in amounts in-
creased each year to offset the declining dollar value caused by inflation.
#D3
~C~IWe should point out that it isn't possible to actually purchase such an in-
flation indexed annuity. ~Y~IBUT - you can effectively achieve the same result
by investing that calculated amount now; then re-investing the excess amounts
of the early installment payments received to make up for the deficit amounts
of the later payments during the annuity period.~N
#WP
%
#EW
#C5,R5
~W~IPERPETUITIES~N
~KA perpetuity is very much like an annuity - except that Perpetuity payments
continue forever!~k
#D1
#BN,9,12,70,18,1,0,0,5,11,1
Simply put, the amount of money to be deposited init-
ially is calculated so that the earnings between one
payment withdrawal and the next are just enough to
equal the next payment. Thus, no matter how long you
withdraw payments, the original funds remain.......
#D5
#C5
Perpetuities are not commercially available. However, perpetuity analysis
can be very useful in personal financial planning. For example:
#WP
%
#EW
#C5,R5
Comparison of the income payments from an annuity and from a perpetuity,
~C~Ieach based on the same terms and same original investment amount,~N will
show the amount by which you might reduce your withdrawals from the annuity
so that the annuity payments would continue forever. On long term or defer-
red annuities, this may be a surprisingly small amount.
#D5
This sort of calculation can be especially useful to persons with self-
directed retirement funds who wish to be sure that their funds last as long
as they themselves last, or to those who wish to leave an inheritance of a
known amount to their heirs, yet live as comfortably as possible.
#D5
~C~I(Practically, the terms of your annuity contract may not allow withdrawal
of the smaller amount. However, you could still use the principle described
here by withdrawing the whole amount of each payment and immediately reinvest-
ing the difference between the annuity and the perpetuity amounts in an invest-
ment providing the same return as the annuity contract provides.)~N
#WP
%
#EW
#C5,R5
The Perpetuity program in THE FINANCIAL PLANNER calculates perpetuities
on the same three bases as those in the program provided for annuities:
#D1
~z1~N~C~I~K Assuming NO current taxes and NO inflation - (common simplified method)~N~k
#D1
~z2~N~C~I~K Including the effect of currently paid income taxes.~N~k
#D1
~z3~N~C~I~K Including the effects of both current income taxes and future inflation.~N~k
#D1
For either an Annuity or a Perpetuity, the programs can be used to calculate
either:
#D2
~C~I1. The deposit required now to provide a
specified future income,~N
#D2
or
~C~I2. The future income payments that a
fixed investment now will provide.~N
#D2
The programs themselves provide examples of all calculation possibilites.
To see the examples, just run the programs using the filled-in startup data.
#WP
#X